# Cosmos (ATOM)

## Validators

{% tabs %}
{% tab title="Mainnet" %}

<table><thead><tr><th width="164" align="center">Name</th><th align="center">Address</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="center">Kiln</td><td align="center"><a href="https://www.mintscan.io/cosmos/validators/cosmosvaloper15gyzcp2kas2yntv9k3p0zm4k8y6e89ecmkeqee">cosmosvaloper15gyzcp2kas2yntv9k3p0zm4k8y6e89ecmkeqee</a></td></tr><tr><td align="center">Kiln (legacy)</td><td align="center"><a href="https://www.mintscan.io/cosmos/validators/cosmosvaloper1uxlf7mvr8nep3gm7udf2u9remms2jyjqvwdul2">cosmosvaloper1uxlf7mvr8nep3gm7udf2u9remms2jyjqvwdul2</a></td></tr></tbody></table>
{% endtab %}
{% endtabs %}

## Staking mechanics

<table data-header-hidden><thead><tr><th width="331">Parameter</th><th>Value</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>Stake activation time</strong></td><td>Instant</td></tr><tr><td><strong>Unbonding time</strong></td><td>21 days</td></tr><tr><td><strong>Re-delegating activation time</strong></td><td>IRedelegation is instant, but creates a cooldown. After moving stake from a source validator to a destination validator, you can’t redelegate from this source or target validator until the chain’s unbonding period ends.</td></tr><tr><td><strong>Rewards frequency</strong></td><td>First rewards: next block once stake is active (0-7 seconds).<br><br>Rewards frequency: every block (7 seconds).<br><br>Last rewards: last rewards earned before unstaking.</td></tr><tr><td><strong>Auto-compounding</strong></td><td>Enabled on the Kiln validator through the AuthZ module. See <a href="https://docs.kiln.fi/v1/custodians/how-to/cosmos-auto-compound-a-stake">guide</a>.</td></tr><tr><td><strong>Self-bond</strong></td><td>None</td></tr><tr><td><strong>Active set</strong></td><td>Yes (175 validators, list <a href="https://www.mintscan.io/cosmos/validators">here</a>)</td></tr><tr><td><strong>Slashing</strong></td><td>Up to 5% of delegators' staked tokens can be slashed in the event of double signing. <br><br>Up to 0.01% of stake can be slashed for extended downtime.</td></tr><tr><td><strong>Relationship between validator stake balance and rewards</strong></td><td>Linear. The more stake balance there is on the validator, the more rewards it will earn.</td></tr></tbody></table>

## Staking workflow

<table data-header-hidden><thead><tr><th width="348">Parameter</th><th>Value</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>How does staking work?</strong></td><td>On Cosmos chains such as the Cosmos Hub, token holders choose a validator to delegate a select amount of tokens to. The delegator initiates a delegation transaction, which involves locking their tokens in a smart contract. These tokens are then counted towards the validator's total stake.</td></tr><tr><td><strong>What is the staking process?</strong></td><td>After the delegation has been initiated, ATOMs are changed to validator shares of the validator you delegate to.</td></tr><tr><td><strong>Do funds move out to another wallet?</strong></td><td>Staked ATOMs are not part of the balance anymore, but they don’t go to another address.</td></tr><tr><td><strong>Can I keep staking/unstaking from/to the same wallet?</strong> </td><td>Yes, you can increase the staked amount or unstake part of it at anytime.</td></tr><tr><td><strong>Can I select how much of my wallet balance I want to stake?</strong></td><td>Yes, you select the amount of tokens you want to stake to earn rewards.</td></tr><tr><td><strong>How does auto-compounding work?</strong></td><td>In the Cosmos ecosystem, auto-compounding is possible through a module called <a href="https://docs.cosmos.network/v0.46/modules/authz/">Authz</a>, that allows granting arbitrary privileges from one account (the granter) to another account (the grantee). <br><br>Through Authz, delegators could grant Kiln's wallet to claim rewards and stake them back to the Kiln Validator. This grant can be revoked at any time.</td></tr><tr><td><strong>How do I unstake?</strong></td><td><p>You can unstake by unbonding your funds. After you initiated the process:<br></p><p>• You stop receiving staking rewards</p><p>• It will take 21 days for the amount to be liquid</p><p>• But you will be able to cancel the unbonding process anytime, as this chain currently supports the function</p></td></tr><tr><td><strong>Can I unstake part of the staked balance?</strong></td><td>• Yes, you can select the amount of tokens you want to unstake (this takes 21 days).<br>• Be aware that you can only unbond ATOM seven times with the same validator within a twenty-one day period.</td></tr><tr><td><strong>How is my balance computed at epoch N for the rewards distribution?</strong></td><td>The balance computed at block N for the rewards distribution is the balance at block N.</td></tr><tr><td><strong>What is the slashing risk on the Cosmos Hub?</strong></td><td>Downtime: During a block window (10,000 blocks) if a validator signed less than 5% of the blocks, he will get jailed for 10 min and will incur a 0.01% slashing penalty. No rewards can be earned during that jail time.<br><br>Double signing: When a validator attests to two different blocks, it will face slashing. Stakers who have delegated to the slashed validator will incur a slashing penalty of 5% and the validator won't ever be able to earn rewards again.<br><br>Delegators will have to redelegate to another validator in order for their stake to earn rewards again.</td></tr><tr><td><strong>How is commission paid?</strong></td><td>Commissions are paid to the validator at the same frequency than the reward distribution (every block).</td></tr></tbody></table>

## Staking links

<table><thead><tr><th width="348">Parameter</th><th>Value</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>How can I get testnet tokens?</strong></td><td>You can join the Cosmos Network discord and request some on the <a href="https://discord.com/channels/669268347736686612/953697793476821092">#test-faucet channel</a></td></tr></tbody></table>

## Staking guide

{% content-ref url="../../dashboard/staking/cosmos-atom" %}
[cosmos-atom](https://docs.kiln.fi/v1/kiln-products/dashboard/staking/cosmos-atom)
{% endcontent-ref %}
