How does staking works?

Aptos uses an owner-operator-voter model for staking. This model enables the creation of delegations and staking services by separating the account that holds the funds from other accounts responsible for managing those funds, such as operators and voters. This separation ensures that delegations of responsibilities can be made securely, without compromising the safety of the funds held in the account.

Owner: When someone creates an account on the Aptos blockchain, they become the owner of that account and the funds it contains.

Operator: An operator is the validator operator. The Owner can delegate the management of their funds to the Operator. The Owner can assign the accounts operator address to the Operator allowing for the account to participate in transaction validation on the chain.

Voter: The Owner can designate a Voter to participate in governance. The voter will use the voter keys to sign the governance votes. Traditionally, voter privileges are assigned to the Operator.

What is the staking process?

To start earning rewards, you will need to add your stake to the delegation pool

Do funds move out to another wallet?

Tokens do move out of your account but your accounts remains the only one that can operate an unstaking function. This enables you too keep the custody of your funds while they earn rewards.

Can I keep staking/unstaking from/to the same wallet?

Yes, you can increase the staked amount or unstake part of it at anytime.

Can I select how much of my wallet balance I want to stake?

Yes, you select the amount of tokens you want to stake to earn rewards.

How do I unstake?

You can unlock stake at any time. However, the stake will only become withdrawable after the delegation pool's lockup period expires (0-30 days). Unlocked stake will continue earning rewards until the stake becomes withdrawable.

Can I unstake part of the staked balance?

Yes, you can select the amount of tokens you want to unstake. The minimum amount to unstake is 10 APT.

How is my balance computed at epoch N for the rewards distribution?

The balance computed at epoch N for the rewards distribution is the balance at the beginning of epoch N-1.

What is the slashing risk on Aptos?

Currently, slashing is not implemented on Aptos.

How is commission paid?

Staking rewards are auto-compounded. The commission is paid when delegators unstake their positions.

How can I get testnet tokens?

Stake activation time

Instant

Stake lock-up time

Variable

Auto-compounding

No

Rewards frequency

After relevant cycle ends

Self-bond

Yes

Active set

2000 AVAX

Slashing

No automated slashing currently implemented in the protocol.

Relationship between validator stake balance and rewards

Linear. The more stake balance there is on the validator, the more rewards it will earn.

What is the staking process?

In order to stake AVAX you need to initiate a validator staking transaction that will lock the funds for the selected time and act as self-bond. In order to initiate this transaction you need to enter a Node-ID which will be provided by Kiln.

Can I keep staking/unstaking from/to the same wallet?

You can add additional delegations abiding the following:

• Available Delegator Capacity (max = 4x the validator stake, effective 5x total)

• minimum 2 week that must end on or before validator stake ends

Can I select how much of my wallet balance I want to stake?

The minimum is 2000 AVAX.

Can I unstake part of the staked balance?

You have to wait until the staking period ends. This period is defined by you when the staking starts and has a minimum of 2 weeks.

When can I withdraw my staked AVAX?

Once the relevant staking cycle ends. For example you initiated a validation stake for 4 weeks and an additional delegation for 2 weeks. You can withdraw your validation stake after 4 weeks and the delegation after 2 weeks.

When can I withdraw my rewards on staked AVAX?

Same above, once the relevant staking cycle ends, rewards will be available.

Stake activation time

5-10 days (end of current epoch and one other)

Stake lock-up time

Instant

Re-delegating activation time

5-10 days (end of current epoch and one other)

Rewards frequency

First rewards: 2 epochs after stake is active (5-10 days + 10 days). Rewards frequency: beginning of every epoch (5 days). Last rewards: 3 epochs after the end of the unstaking epoch (15-20 days)

Auto-compounding

Yes

Self-bond

None

Active set

None

Slashing

No automated slashing currently implemented on Cardano.

Relationship between validator stake balance and rewards

Almost linear. The more stake balance there is on the validator, the more rewards it will earn.

Note that:

• more a validator pldege, more rewards are received.

• there is a saturation of 70M ADA. Above this amount of delegated tokens on the same validator, rewards are capped (not able to grow further).

What is the staking process?

The ADA wallet is delegated to a pool id and all the tokens contained inside this wallet are staked on the pool. The rewards go to the stake address of your wallet and must be withdrawn to receive them on your wallet.

Do funds move out to another wallet?

No, ADAs never leave your wallet.

Basically you keep the assets on your ada wallet and receive rewards on the stake address of your wallet.

Can I keep staking/unstaking from/to the same wallet?

Yes, by transferring in and out tokens, you need to withdraw available rewards.

Can I select how much of my wallet balance I want to stake?

All the ADA inside a delegated wallet are staked. All tokens in a delegated wallet are taken into account in the staked amount.

Can I unstake part of the staked balance?

No, if you unstake it's the whole wallet. But you can transfer out of your wallet any amount of ADA to unstake a part of it.

How is my balance computed at epoch N for the rewards distribution?

The balance computed at epoch N for the rewards distribution is the balance at the beginning of epoch N-2.

Is there a minimum stake amount needed?

Please ensure to stake at least 4 ADA. When you first stake, 2 ADA will be held as a deposit (which is refundable when you deregister), and there will be a small transaction fee, usually between 0.17 and 0.3 ADA.

As a result, if you start staking 4 ADA, only around 1.7 ADA will actually be used for staking.

How can I get testnet tokens?

Kiln

0x64FE2F0C072858A9742917e48e29BD939EeBB179

Stake activation time

TBD

Stake lock-up time

TBD

Re-delegating activation time

Instant

Rewards frequency

Auto-compounding

Self-bond

No $BGT self-bond, but validators self-bond $BERA

Active set

Slashing

$BGT is not slashable. Self-bonded $BERA is slashable.

Relationship between validator stake balance and rewards

Linear. Based on the $BGT delegation weight of the validator selected to propose the block.

How can I get BGT to stake?

Stake your PoL-eligible assets in Reward Vaults to earn $BGT. The rewards you earn are based on your share of the total assets staked in the vault and the amount of $BGT rewards emitted to the vault. Validators direct $BGT emissions to specific Reward Vaults, and users can claim the earned rewards.

Do funds move out to another wallet?

No, when you delegate $BGT to a validator, the $BGT does not move out of your wallet. Delegation is a mechanism that allows you to assign your voting power to a validator without transferring the tokens themselves. Your $BGT remains in your wallet, and you retain ownership while the validator uses the delegated voting power to influence governance and emissions decisions.

Can I keep staking/unstaking from/to the same wallet?

Yes, you can delegate and undelegate $BGT to and from the same wallet as often as you like. This flexibility allows you to adjust your delegation based on your preferences or changes in validator performance. However, keep in mind that there might be specific rules or cooldown periods associated with delegation and undelegation, depending on the network's governance policies.

Can I select how much of my wallet balance I want to stake?

Yes, you can choose how much of your $BGT you want to delegate to a validator. You have the flexibility to delegate any portion of your $BGT holdings, allowing you to manage your voting power and influence over governance and emissions decisions according to your preferences.

How does auto-compounding work?

Who can withdraw staked BGT?

Only the original $BGT holder who delegated the tokens has the authority to undelegate them from a validator. This ensures that control over the delegation remains with the token holder, allowing them to manage their $BGT allocations as they see fit.

When can I withdraw my staked BGT?

You can undelegate your $BGT from a validator at any time. However, the specifics of when you can withdraw the $BGT after undelegating may depend on the network's governance and any applicable timelocks or waiting periods.

How do I unstake?

Can I unstake part of the staked balance?

Yes, you can undelegate part of your staked $BGT balance. The process typically involves specifying the amount you wish to undelegate when managing your delegations in the BGT Station dApp.

How is my balance computed at epoch N for the rewards distribution?

Your balance for rewards distribution is computed based on the amount of $BGT you have staked in the Reward Vaults. The rewards are distributed pro-rata based on your staked amount relative to the total staked amount in the vault.

What is the slashing risk on the Berachain?

BGT is not slashable. The validator’s self-bonded BERA is slashable.

How is commission paid?

Commissions on Berachain are typically paid in the form of fees collected from various activities such as trading, borrowing, or liquidating positions. These fees are then distributed among different participants like liquidity providers and BGT stakers.

How can I get testnet tokens?

Stake activation time

Instant

Auto-compounding

Disabled on Kiln Dashboard as DYDX rewards paid in USDC cannot be automatically converted to DYDX.

Unbonding time

30 days

Rewards Distribution

First rewards: next block once stake is active (0-1 second).

Rewards frequency: every block (1 second).

Last rewards: last rewards earned before unstaking.

Active Set

Top 60 by Voting Power

Slashing

How does staking works?

On Cosmos Chains such as dYdX, token holders choose a validator to delegate a select amount of tokens to. The delegator initiates a delegation transaction, which involves locking their tokens in a smart contract. These tokens are then counted towards the validator's total stake.

What is the staking process?

After the delegation has been initiated, DYDXs are changed to validator shares of the validator you delegate to.

Do funds move out to another wallet?

Staked DYDXs are not part of the balance anymore, but they don’t go to another address.

Can I keep staking/unstaking from/to the same wallet?

Yes, you can increase the staked amount or unstake part of it at anytime.

Can I select how much of my wallet balance I want to stake?

Yes, you select the amount of tokens you want to stake to earn rewards.

How do I unstake?

You can unstake by unbonding your funds. After you initiated the process:

• You stop receiving staking rewards

• It will take 30 days for the amount to be liquid

• But you will be able to cancel the unbonding process anytime, as this chain currently supports the function

Can I unstake part of the staked balance?

Yes, you can select the amount of tokens you want to unstake (this takes 30 days).

How is my balance computed at epoch N for the rewards distribution?

The balance computed at block N for the rewards distribution is the balance at block N.

What is the slashing risk on dYdX ?

Downtime: During a block window (8,192 blocks) if a validator signed less than 20% of the blocks, he will get jailed for 2h but will not be slashed. No rewards can be earned during that jail time. Double signing: When a validator attests to two different blocks, it will face slashing. Stakers who have delegated to the slashed validator will not incur a reduction in their stake but the validator won't ever be able to earn rewards again. Delegators will have to redelegate to another validator in order for their stake to earn rewards again.

How is commission paid?

Commissions are paid to the validator at the same frequency than the reward distribution (every block).

Stake activation time

Instant

Stake lock-up time

21 days

Re-delegating activation time

Instant

Rewards frequency

First rewards: next block once stake is active (0-7 seconds). Rewards frequency: every block (7 seconds). Last rewards: last rewards earned before unstaking.

Auto-compounding

Self-bond

None

Active set

Slashing

Yes, delegators' staked tokens can be slashed.

Relationship between validator stake balance and rewards

Linear. The more stake balance there is on the validator, the more rewards it will earn.

How does staking works?

On Cosmos Chains such as the Cosmos Hub, token holders choose a validator to delegate a select amount of tokens to. The delegator initiates a delegation transaction, which involves locking their tokens in a smart contract. These tokens are then counted towards the validator's total stake.

What is the staking process?

After the delegation has been initiated, ATOMs are changed to validator shares of the validator you delegate to.

Do funds move out to another wallet?

Staked ATOMs are not part of the balance anymore, but they don’t go to another address.

Can I keep staking/unstaking from/to the same wallet?

Yes, you can increase the staked amount or unstake part of it at anytime.

Can I select how much of my wallet balance I want to stake?

Yes, you select the amount of tokens you want to stake to earn rewards.

How does auto-compounding work?

How do I unstake?

You can unstake by unbonding your funds. After you initiated the process:

• You stop receiving staking rewards

• It will take 21 days for the amount to be liquid

• But you will be able to cancel the unbonding process anytime, as this chain currently supports the function

Can I unstake part of the staked balance?

• Yes, you can select the amount of tokens you want to unstake (this takes 21 days). • Be aware that you can only unbond ATOM seven times with the same validator within a twenty-one day period.

How is my balance computed at epoch N for the rewards distribution?

The balance computed at block N for the rewards distribution is the balance at block N.

What is the slashing risk on the Cosmos Hub?

Downtime: During a block window (10,000 blocks) if a validator signed less than 5% of the blocks, he will get jailed for 10 min and will incur a 0.01% slashing penalty. No rewards can be earned during that jail time. Double signing: When a validator attests to two different blocks, it will face slashing. Stakers who have delegated to the slashed validator will incur a slashing penalty of 5% and the validator won't ever be able to earn rewards again. Delegators will have to redelegate to another validator in order for their stake to earn rewards again.

How is commission paid?

Commissions are paid to the validator at the same frequency than the reward distribution (every block).

How can I get testnet tokens?

Stake activation time

Stake lock-up time

Rewards frequency

Auto-compounding

No

Active set

No

Slashing

Relationship between validator stake balance and rewards

A validator's balance is always 32 ETH and the rewards earned depend on the effective balance.

What is the staking process?

Do funds move out to another wallet?

Can I keep staking/unstaking from/to the same wallet?

Yes, you can stake / unstake multiple validators from the same wallet.

Can I select how much of my wallet balance I want to stake?

Yes, you can select a multiple of 32 ETH that you want to stake to earn rewards.

Can I unstake part of the staked balance?

Yes, you can select the number of validators (multiple of 32 ETH) you want to unstake.

Who can withdraw the staked ETH?

Only the wallet you use to issue your deposit can be used to withdraw your stake, and accrued rewards. Kiln or any other party cannot do that. This means you must ensure you retain control of the wallet you use to deposit your stake.

When can I withdraw my staked ETH?

You can withdraw your staked ETH anytime you want. Be aware that the duration of this action varies according to the network's exit queue.

When can I withdraw my rewards on staked ETH?

Both consensus and execution rewards are automatically distributed to your withdrawal wallet.

What are the risks associated with staking?

When you stake with this service, Kiln will operate validator(s) on your behalf. If these validators are incorrectly operated, it is possible for a portion of the funds you have staked to be slashed, meaning they are destroyed by the protocol. This is very rare in general and has never happened in Kiln’s history of operating Ethereum validators, our infrastructure is purpose-built to reduce this risk. You should however be aware that the risk is not 0. For more details and Kiln’s coverage please read our T&Cs or the Order Form you have signed with Kiln.

What validator clients does Kiln run?

Kiln runs a combination of Prysm, Teku and Lighthouse validator clients.

How can I get testnet tokens?

You can contact us to get some testnet ETH.

Mainnet

• 9911+ validator keys using Prysm

  • 317,152+ ETH

• 1710+ validator keys using Teku

  • 54,720+ ETH

Goerli

• 300 validator keys using Prysm

• 3000 validator keys using Teku

Sepolia

• 50 validator keys using Prysm

• 50 validator keys using Teku

Stake activation time

Instant

Auto-compounding

Enabled via the pooling mechanism we use (Reti Pooling)

Unbonding time

Instant. No lockup times

Rewards Distribution

Rewards are distributed every 3 hours

Active Set

No Active set

Slashing

None

How does staking work?

Algorand’s staking rewards are given to users who actively contribute to network security by bringing their Algo online to participate in consensus. When an account’s proposed block is written to the chain, if the proposing account has at least 30,000 Algo then it will then be given an amount of Algo as a reward.

Full Staking flow including Block proposal and voting and can be found here:

https://developer.algorand.org/docs/get-details/algorand_consensus/

What is the staking process?

To start earning rewards, you will need to add your stake to the delegation pool provided by Kiln. When an account’s proposed block is written to the chain, if the proposing pool has at least 30,000 Algo then it will then be given an amount of Algo as a reward which will be distributed every 3 hours

Do funds move out to another wallet?

No, on Algorand, the user maintains control of their Algo at all times, since the tokens remain in the user’s wallet while securing the network as part of consensus.

Can I keep staking/unstaking from/to the same wallet?

Yes, you can increase the staked amount or unstake part of it at anytime. To prevent gaming of the system, stakers who add or remove stake during an epoch receive only a partial reward for that epoch. The partial reward is calculated based on the percentage of time the staker was active in the epoch.

Can I select how much of my wallet balance I want to stake?

Yes, you select the amount of tokens you want to stake to earn rewards.

How do I unstake

You can unstake by unbonding your funds, unstaking is immediate

Can I unstake part of the staked balance?

Yes

How is my balance computed at epoch N for the rewards distribution?

The balance computed at block N for the rewards distribution is the balance at block N.

What is the slashing risk on Algorand?

Currently there is no slashing risk with Algorand Staking, While other networks rely on slashing penalties to discourage malicious behavior, Algorand removes poorly performing nodes with algorithmic removal

How is commission paid?

Commissions are paid to the validator every 3 hours(Reti Pooling) and autocompounded by default

Staking Rewards v Governance

The introduction of staking rewards is a significant change from Algorand's previous governance-focused reward system. While governance rewards incentivized community participation in decision-making, staking rewards shift the focus to active network participation.

This change makes the network more decentralized. The old governance rewards will gradually wind down as staking rewards take center stage. While the xGov program will continue to fund community projects, the pivot will be on retroactive grants for ecosystem builders rather than general governance participation.

Stake activation time

Instant

Auto-compounding

Unbonding time

21 days

Rewards Distribution

Rewards are distributed block-by-block

Active Set

Top 100 by Voting Power

Slashing

How does staking works?

On Cosmos Chains such as Celestia, token holders choose a validator to delegate a select amount of tokens to. The delegator initiates a delegation transaction, which involves locking their tokens in a smart contract. These tokens are then counted towards the validator's total stake.

What is the staking process?

After the delegation has been initiated, TIAs are changed to validator shares of the validator you delegate to.

Do funds move out to another wallet?

Staked TIAs are not part of the balance anymore, but they don’t go to another address.

Can I keep staking/unstaking from/to the same wallet?

Yes, you can increase the staked amount or unstake part of it at anytime.

Can I select how much of my wallet balance I want to stake?

Yes, you select the amount of tokens you want to stake to earn rewards.

How does auto-compounding work?

How do I unstake?

You can unstake by unbonding your funds. After you initiated the process:

• You stop receiving staking rewards

• It will take 21 days for the amount to be liquid

• But you will be able to cancel the unbonding process anytime, as this chain currently supports the function

Can I unstake part of the staked balance?

Yes, you can select the amount of tokens you want to unstake (this takes 21 days).

How is my balance computed at epoch N for the rewards distribution?

The balance computed at block N for the rewards distribution is the balance at block N.

What is the slashing risk on Celestia?

Downtime: During a block window (5,OOO blocks) if a validator signed less than 75% of the blocks, he will get jailed for 1 min but will not incur a slashing penalty. No rewards can be earned during that jail time. Double signing: When a validator attests to two different blocks, it will face slashing. Stakers who have delegated to the slashed validator will incur a slashing penalty of 2% and the validator won't ever be able to earn rewards again. Delegators will have to redelegate to another validator in order for their stake to earn rewards again.

How is commission paid?

Commissions are paid to the validator at the same frequency than the reward distribution (every block).

Stake activation time

Instant

Unbonding period

21 days

Auto-compounding

Self-bond

None

Active set

Top 70 by Voting Power

Slashing

Yes, delegators' staked tokens can be slashed.

Relationship between validator stake balance and rewards

Linear. The more stake balance there is on the validator, the more rewards it will earn.

How does staking works?

On Cosmos Chains such as Fetch.ai, token holders choose a validator to delegate a select amount of tokens to. The delegator initiates a delegation transaction, which involves locking their tokens in a smart contract. These tokens are then counted towards the validator's total stake.

What is the staking process?

After the delegation has been initiated, FETs are changed to validator shares of the validator you delegate to.

Do funds move out to another wallet?

Staked FETs are not part of the balance anymore, but they don’t go to another address.

Can I keep staking/unstaking from/to the same wallet?

Yes, you can increase the staked amount or unstake part of it at anytime.

Can I select how much of my wallet balance I want to stake?

Yes, you select the amount of tokens you want to stake to earn rewards.

How does auto-compounding work?

How do I unstake?

You can unstake by unbonding your funds. After you initiated the process:

• You stop receiving staking rewards

• It will take 21 days for the amount to be liquid

Can I unstake part of the staked balance?

Yes, you can select the amount of tokens you want to unstake (this takes 21 days).

How is my balance computed at epoch N for the rewards distribution?

The balance computed at block N for the rewards distribution is the balance at block N.

What is the slashing risk on Fetch.ai?

Downtime: During a block window (10,OOO blocks) if a validator signed less than 5% of the blocks, he will get jailed for 10 min and will incur a 0.01% slashing penalty. No rewards can be earned during that jail time. Double signing: When a validator attests to two different blocks, it will face slashing. Stakers who have delegated to the slashed validator will incur a slashing penalty of 10% and the validator won't ever be able to earn rewards again. Delegators will have to redelegate to another validator in order for their stake to earn rewards again.

How is commission paid?

Commissions are paid to the validator at the same frequency than the reward distribution (every block).

Stake activation time

Instant

Stake lock-up time

28 days

Re-delegating activation time

Instant

Rewards frequency

First rewards: next block once stake is active (0-7 seconds). Rewards frequency: every block (7 seconds). Last rewards: last rewards earned before unstaking.

Auto-compounding

Active set

Slashing

Yes, delegators' staked tokens can be slashed.

Relationship between validator stake balance and rewards

Linear. The more stake balance there is on the validator, the more rewards it will earn.

How does staking works?

On Cosmos Chains such as Cronos, token holders choose a validator to delegate a select amount of tokens to. The delegator initiates a delegation transaction, which involves locking their tokens in a smart contract. These tokens are then counted towards the validator's total stake.

What is the staking process?

After the delegation has been initiated, CROs are changed to validator shares of the validator you delegate to.

Do funds move out to another wallet?

Staked CROs are not part of the balance anymore, but they don’t go to another address.

Can I keep staking/unstaking from/to the same wallet?

Yes, you can increase the staked amount or unstake part of it at anytime.

Can I select how much of my wallet balance I want to stake?

Yes, you select the amount of tokens you want to stake to earn rewards.

How does auto-compounding work?

How do I unstake?

You can unstake by unbonding your funds. After you initiated the process:

• You stop receiving staking rewards

• It will take 28 days for the amount to be liquid

• But you will be able to cancel the unbonding process anytime, as this chain currently supports the function

Can I unstake part of the staked balance?

Yes, you can select the amount of tokens you want to unstake (this takes 28 days).

How is my balance computed at epoch N for the rewards distribution?

The balance computed at block N for the rewards distribution is the balance at block N.

What is the slashing risk on Cronos?

Downtime: During a block window (5,OOO blocks) if a validator signed less than 50% of the blocks, he will get jailed for 1 day but incur a reduction in its staked amount. No rewards can be earned during that jail time Double signing: When a validator attests to two different blocks, it will face slashing. Stakers who have delegated to the slashed validator will incur a slashing penalty of 5% and the validator won't ever be able to earn rewards again. Delegators will have to redelegate to another validator in order for their stake to earn rewards again.

How is commission paid?

Commissions are paid to the validator at the same frequency than the reward distribution (every block).

Stake activation time

Instant

Stake lock-up time

14 days

Auto-compounding

Not available

Rewards Distribution

Rewards are distributed daily

Active Set

No active set

Slashing

Yes

Stake activation time

Wait for the end of the current epoch (max 18 hours)

Stake lock-up time

7 epochs (~ 5 days and 6 hours)

Auto-compounding

No

Stake activation time

Instant

Unbonding period

21 days

Auto-compounding

No

Self-bond

None

Active set

Top 60 by Voting Power

Slashing

Yes, delegators' staked tokens can be slashed.

Relationship between validator stake balance and rewards

Linear. The more stake balance there is on the validator, the more rewards it will earn.

How does staking works?

On Cosmos Chains such as Injective, token holders choose a validator to delegate a select amount of tokens to. The delegator initiates a delegation transaction, which involves locking their tokens in a smart contract. These tokens are then counted towards the validator's total stake.

What is the staking process?

After the delegation has been initiated, INJs are changed to validator shares of the validator you delegate to.

Do funds move out to another wallet?

Staked INJs are not part of the balance anymore, but they don’t go to another address.

Can I keep staking/unstaking from/to the same wallet?

Yes, you can increase the staked amount or unstake part of it at anytime.

Can I select how much of my wallet balance I want to stake?

Yes, you select the amount of tokens you want to stake to earn rewards.

How do I unstake?

You can unstake by unbonding your funds. After you initiated the process:

• You stop receiving staking rewards

• It will take 21 days for the amount to be liquid

• But you will be able to cancel the unbonding process anytime, as this chain currently supports the function

Can I unstake part of the staked balance?

Yes, you can select the amount of tokens you want to unstake (this takes 21 days).

How is my balance computed at epoch N for the rewards distribution?

The balance computed at block N for the rewards distribution is the balance at block N.

How is commission paid?

Comissions are paid to the validator at the same frequency than the reward distribution (every block).

Stake activation time

Instant

Auto-compounding

Available on chain but not currently enabled on the Kiln validator

Unbonding time

21 days

Rewards Distribution

Not available yet

Active Set

Top 100 by Voting Power

Slashing

Yes.

How does staking works?

On Cosmos Chains such as Dymension, token holders choose a validator to delegate a select amount of tokens to. The delegator initiates a delegation transaction, which involves locking their tokens in a smart contract. These tokens are then counted towards the validator's total stake.

What is the staking process?

After the delegation has been initiated, DYMs are changed to validator shares of the validator you delegate to.

Do funds move out to another wallet?

Staked DYMs are not part of the balance anymore, but they don’t go to another address.

Can I keep staking/unstaking from/to the same wallet?

Yes, you can increase the staked amount or unstake part of it at anytime.

Can I select how much of my wallet balance I want to stake?

Yes, you select the amount of tokens you want to stake to earn rewards.

How do I unstake?

You can unstake by unbonding your funds. After you initiated the process:

• You stop receiving staking rewards

• It will take 21 days for the amount to be liquid

• But you will be able to cancel the unbonding process anytime, as this chain currently supports the function

Can I unstake part of the staked balance?

Yes, you can select the amount of tokens you want to unstake (this takes 21 days).

How is my balance computed at epoch N for the rewards distribution?

The balance computed at block N for the rewards distribution is the balance at block N.

What is the slashing risk on Dymension?

Downtime: During a block window (10,000 blocks) if a validator signed less than 80% of the blocks, he will get jailed for 2 min but will not be slashed. No rewards can be earned during that jail time. Double signing: When a validator attests to two different blocks, it will face slashing. Stakers who have delegated to the slashed validator will incur a slashing penalty of 5% and the validator won't ever be able to earn rewards again. Delegators will have to redelegate to another validator in order for their stake to earn rewards again.

How is commission paid?

Commissions are paid to the validator at the same frequency than the reward distribution (every block).

Stake activation time

Instant

Stake lock-up time

14 days

Auto-compounding

Rewards Distribution

Rewards are distributed block-by-block

Active Set

Top 180 by Voting Power

Slashing

Yes

How does staking works?

On Cosmos Chains such as Osmosis, token holders choose a validator to delegate a select amount of tokens to. The delegator initiates a delegation transaction, which involves locking their tokens in a smart contract. These tokens are then counted towards the validator's total stake.

What is the staking process?

After the delegation has been initiated, OSMOs are changed to validator shares of the validator you delegate to.

Do funds move out to another wallet?

Staked OSMOs are not part of the balance anymore, but they don’t go to another address.

Can I keep staking/unstaking from/to the same wallet?

Yes, you can increase the staked amount or unstake part of it at anytime.

Can I select how much of my wallet balance I want to stake?

Yes, you select the amount of tokens you want to stake to earn rewards.

How do I unstake?

You can unstake by unbonding your funds. After you initiated the process:

• You stop receiving staking rewards

• It will take 14 days for the amount to be liquid

• But you will be able to cancel the unbonding process anytime, as this chain currently supports the function

Can I unstake part of the staked balance?

Yes, you can select the amount of tokens you want to unstake (this takes 14 days).

How is my balance computed at epoch N for the rewards distribution?

The balance computed at block N for the rewards distribution is the balance at block N.

What is the slashing risk on Osmosis?

Downtime: During a block window (30,OOO blocks) if a validator signed less than 5% of the blocks, he will get jailed for 1 min but will not incur a slashing penalty. No rewards can be earned during that jail time. Double signing: When a validator attests to two different blocks, it will face slashing. Stakers who have delegated to the slashed validator will incur a slashing penalty of 5% and the validator won't ever be able to earn rewards again. Delegators will have to redelegate to another validator in order for their stake to earn rewards again.

How is commission paid?

Commissions are paid to the validator at the same frequency than the reward distribution (every block).

Stake activation time

Instant

Stake lock-up time

21 days

Auto-compounding

Rewards Distribution

Rewards are distributed block-by-block

Active Set

Top 100 by Voting Power

Slashing

Yes

How does staking works?

On Cosmos Chains such as Kava, token holders choose a validator to delegate a select amount of tokens to. The delegator initiates a delegation transaction, which involves locking their tokens in a smart contract. These tokens are then counted towards the validator's total stake.

What is the staking process?

After the delegation has been initiated, KAVAs are changed to validator shares of the validator you delegate to.

Do funds move out to another wallet?

Staked KAVAs are not part of the balance anymore, but they don’t go to another address.

Can I keep staking/unstaking from/to the same wallet?

Yes, you can increase the staked amount or unstake part of it at anytime.

Can I select how much of my wallet balance I want to stake?

Yes, you select the amount of tokens you want to stake to earn rewards.

How does auto-compounding work?

How do I unstake?

You can unstake by unbonding your funds. After you initiated the process:

• You stop receiving staking rewards

• It will take 21 days for the amount to be liquid

• But you will be able to cancel the unbonding process anytime, as this chain currently supports the function

Can I unstake part of the staked balance?

Yes, you can select the amount of tokens you want to unstake (this takes 21 days).

How is my balance computed at epoch N for the rewards distribution?

The balance computed at block N for the rewards distribution is the balance at block N.

What is the slashing risk on Kava?

Downtime: During a block window (10,000 blocks) if a validator signed less than 5% of the blocks, he will get jailed for 10 min and will incur a 0.01% slashing penalty. No rewards can be earned during that jail time. Double signing: When a validator attests to two different blocks, it will face slashing. Stakers who have delegated to the slashed validator will incur a slashing penalty of 5% and the validator won't ever be able to earn rewards again. Delegators will have to redelegate to another validator in order for their stake to earn rewards again.

How is commission paid?

Commissions are paid to the validator at the same frequency than the reward distribution (every block).

Stake activation time

6 hours

Stake lock-up time

7 days

Auto-compounding

Yes

Stake activation time

Instant

Stake lock-up time

8 days

Auto-compounding

Rewards Distribution

Rewards are distributed block-by-block

Active Set

Top 13 by Voting Power (subject to expand in the future)

Slashing

Yes

How does staking works?

On Cosmos Chains such as Mantra, token holders choose a validator to delegate a select amount of tokens to. The delegator initiates a delegation transaction, which involves locking their tokens in a smart contract. These tokens are then counted towards the validator's total stake.

What is the staking process?

After the delegation has been initiated, OMs are changed to validator shares of the validator you delegate to.

Do funds move out to another wallet?

Staked OMs are not part of the balance anymore, but they don’t go to another address.

Can I keep staking/unstaking from/to the same wallet?

Yes, you can increase the staked amount or unstake part of it at anytime.

Can I select how much of my wallet balance I want to stake?

Yes, you select the amount of tokens you want to stake to earn rewards.

How do I unstake?

You can unstake by unbonding your funds. After you initiated the process:

• You stop receiving staking rewards

• It will take 8 days for the amount to be liquid

• But you will be able to cancel the unbonding process anytime, as this chain currently supports the function

Can I unstake part of the staked balance?

Yes, you can select the amount of tokens you want to unstake (this takes 8 days).

How is my balance computed at epoch N for the rewards distribution?

The balance computed at block N for the rewards distribution is the balance at block N.

What is the slashing risk on Mantra?

Downtime: During a block window (1,OOO blocks) if a validator signed less than 50% of the blocks, he will get jailed for 1 min and will incur a slashing penalty of 0.1%. No rewards can be earned during that jail time. Double signing: When a validator attests to two different blocks, it will face slashing. Stakers who have delegated to the slashed validator will incur a slashing penalty of 5% and the validator won't ever be able to earn rewards again. Delegators will have to redelegate to another validator in order for their stake to earn rewards again.

How is commission paid?

Commissions are paid to the validator at the same frequency than the reward distribution (every block).

Stake activation time

0-15 hours (end of current epoch)

Stake lock-up time

45-60 hours (end of current epoch and 3 others)

Re-delegating activation time

0-15 hours (end of current epoch)

Rewards frequency

First rewards: one epoch after stake is active (0-15 hours + 15 hours). Rewards frequency: end of every epoch (~15 hours). Last rewards: last reward earned before unstaking.

Auto-compounding

Yes

Self-bond

None

Active set

Slashing

No automated slashing currently implemented in the protocol.

Relationship between validator stake balance and rewards

Linear. The more stake balance there is on the validator, the more rewards it will earn.

How does staking works?

What is the staking process?

Tokens are sent to the validator Smart Contract using the deposit_and_stake function of the contract.

Do funds move out to another wallet?

Yes, they are sent to the pool smart contract.

Can I keep staking/unstaking from/to the same wallet?

Yes, you can increase the staked amount or unstake part of it at anytime.

Can I select how much of my wallet balance I want to stake?

Yes, you select the amount of tokens you want to stake to earn rewards.

How do I unstake?

You can unstake from Kiln dashboard by going to your account containing your NEAR stakes, and clicking unstake. Note, that once you unstake, it will take 3-4 epochs (45-60hrs) for you to be able to withdraw the tokens to your wallet.

Can I unstake part of the staked balance?

Yes, you can select the amount of tokens you want to unstake.

How is my balance computed at epoch N for the rewards distribution?

The balance computed at epoch N for the rewards distribution is the balance at the beginning of epoch N.

What is the slashing risk on NEAR?

Slashing is not yet implemented on NEAR, so there is a very limited risk of collateral losses.

How is commission paid?

The Kiln NEAR validator retains a commission - a % of staking rewards earned - by default.

How can I get testnet tokens?

Stake activation time

Instant

Stake lock-up time

14 days

Auto-compounding

Yes

Stake activation time

~8 hours

Stake lock-up time

7 days

Auto-compounding

No

Self-bond

50000 PEAQ

Active set

Yes (27 validators, list )