# CoreChain (CORE)

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This protocol is in the process of being decommissioned by Kiln before the end of Q1 2026.\
\
Kiln is shutting down some protocols as part of a broader effort to streamline our focus and deliver more value to our customers. This means simplifying our offering and tightening our listing criteria to prioritize higher-revenue chains, and focusing on those with the strongest customer demand. 
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Since the recent "Fusion Upgrade", rewards are impacted by a new mechanism called "Dual Staking". See the "Staking Workflow" section below for more information.
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## Validators

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<table><thead><tr><th width="121" align="center">Name</th><th align="center">Address</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="center">Kiln </td><td align="center"><a href="https://stake.coredao.org/validator/0x1c151923cf6c381c4af6c3071a2773b3cdbbf704">0x1c151923Cf6C381C4aF6C3071a2773B3cDBBf704</a></td></tr></tbody></table>

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## Mechanics (BTC staking)

| **Stake activation time** | <p>0-1 day (end of current round)<br>1 round = 1 day (00:00:00 to 23:59:59 UTC)</p>                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       |
| ------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| **Auto-compounding**      | No                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        |
| **Unbonding time**        | <p>You select the time period to lock up the BTC.<br><br>To earn rewards, you must stake for an entire round. Staking for less than 24 hours or only part of a round will not qualify for rewards.  Once the period has ended, you must redeem your BTC. You can't redeem your coins beforehand. Unredeemed coins don't earn rewards.</p> |
| **Rewards frequency**     | Daily. CORE rewards are generated on a daily / per round basis and available to claim the following day / round.                                                                                                                                                                                                                          |
| **Active set**            | Top 25 by voting power                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    |
| **Slashing**              | Only the validator's self-stake is at risk. The delegator's BTC can't incur slashing.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     |

## Mechanics (CORE staking)

| **Stake activation time** | <p>0-1 day (end of current round)<br>1 round = 1 day (00:00:00 to 23:59:59 UTC)</p>                              |
| ------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| **Auto-compounding**      | No                                                                                                               |
| **Unbonding time**        | Instant                                                                                                          |
| **Rewards frequency**     | Daily. CORE rewards are generated on a daily / per round basis and available to claim the following day / round. |
| **Active set**            | Top 25 by voting power                                                                                           |
| **Slashing**              | Only the validator's self-stake is at risk. The delegator's CORE can't incur slashing.                           |

## Staking workflow

<figure><img src="https://1911902555-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fnye3yqpuOzdfrtWAlwng%2Fuploads%2F7h46JMe6WQC9o1rm5UFo%2Fimage.png?alt=media&#x26;token=7bb513d1-f6d3-40f1-ae48-7c47ae0f63c2" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

<table data-header-hidden><thead><tr><th width="348">Parameter</th><th>Value</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>What is the staking process?</strong></td><td><p>CORE staking is comparable to other dPOS chains. Once the delegation happens, CORE tokens will be attributed to a chosen operator.<br><br>Core DAO’s methodology for integrating bitcoin staking centers on <a href="https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Timelock#CheckLockTimeVerify">CLTV timelock</a>. Basically, when users stake their BTC, they  send a transaction to themselves, with a native timelock enforced on the output. Users can redeem the BTC after the timelock has ended (see image above). </p><p></p><p>You can find more details about Bitcoin Native Staking <a href="https://docs.coredao.org/developer/btc-native-staking/overview#how-btc-native-staking-works">here</a>.</p></td></tr><tr><td><strong>What is the reward claim process?</strong></td><td><p>Visit: <a href="https://stake.coredao.org/">https://stake.coredao.org/</a> and connect your Wallet/custody solution.</p><p></p><p>NOTE: Ensure you have some CORE in your wallet to pay gas fees for the initial rewards claim.</p></td></tr><tr><td><strong>What is Dual Staking?</strong></td><td>Dual staking was introduced during Core's "Fusion Upgrade" released in November of 2024.<br><br>It is a mechanism that incentivizes BTC stakers to stake CORE in order to boost their BTC staking rewards.<br><br>It does so by reducing the "base reward" on staked BTC to boost rewards of higher tiers.</td></tr><tr><td><h4>How does it affect my rewards on my staked BTC?</h4></td><td><p></p><p>Your BTC staking rewards are determined by your CORE:BTC staking ratio:</p><ul><li>If you stake less than 1,000 CORE per BTC: You receive the base rate</li><li>If you stake 1,000-2,999 CORE per BTC: You receive Level 1 boosted yield</li><li>If you stake 3,000-7,999 CORE per BTC: You receive Level 2 boosted yield</li><li>If you stake 8,000+ CORE per BTC: You receive Level 3 (maximum) boosted yield</li></ul><p>For example, if you stake 10 BTC, you would need:</p><ul><li>10,000 CORE for Level 1 boost</li><li>30,000 CORE for Level 2 boost</li><li>80,000 CORE for Level 3 (maximum) boost</li></ul><p>The actual multiplier for each tier is dynamic and adjusts based on market supply and demand conditions. <a href="https://stake.coredao.org/staking">Check this page</a> to see the current reward rate you would get by staking [X] BTC for [X] CORE.<br><br>Important note: For tier changes to take effect, users must wait until the next 00:00 UTC after staking CORE, and then claim all existing rewards to reset the tier calculation system.</p></td></tr><tr><td><strong>How is commission paid?</strong></td><td>Commissions are paid to the validator at the same frequency as the reward distribution (every round).</td></tr></tbody></table>

## How to stake

Visit: <https://stake.coredao.org/> and connect your Wallet/custody solution:

<figure><img src="https://1911902555-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fnye3yqpuOzdfrtWAlwng%2Fuploads%2FqpYzKWP4jYBC8Ekuf4yh%2FCleanShot%202024-08-14%20at%2019.39.09%402x.png?alt=media&#x26;token=89a7ae9e-3558-4f21-a999-c0c10faf9d84" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>