# Ethereum (ETH)

## Staking mechanics

<table data-header-hidden><thead><tr><th width="298">Parameter</th><th>Value</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>Stake activation time</strong></td><td>It depends of the entry queue length. Check <a href="https://beaconcha.in/">beaconcha.in</a> to see the number of pending validators.</td></tr><tr><td><strong>Stake lock-up time</strong> </td><td>It depends of the exit queue length. Check <a href="https://beaconcha.in/">beaconcha.in</a> to see the number of exiting validators.</td></tr><tr><td><strong>Rewards frequency</strong></td><td>Please read <a href="https://www.kiln.fi/post/the-merge-and-its-impact-on-eth-staking-rewards">this article</a> which details the expected staking rewards on Ethereum now that the Merge has successfully passed.</td></tr><tr><td><strong>Auto-compounding</strong></td><td>Yes - for compounding validators up to 2048 ETH<br><br>No - for skimming validators</td></tr><tr><td><strong>Active set</strong></td><td>No</td></tr><tr><td><strong>Slashing</strong></td><td>Yes, please read <a href="https://www.kiln.fi/post/ethereum-anti-slashing-strategies">this article</a> which explains how slashing works and what strategies Kiln uses to prevent it.</td></tr><tr><td><strong>Relationship between validator stake balance and rewards</strong></td><td>A validator's balance is always 32 ETH and the rewards earned depend on the effective balance.</td></tr></tbody></table>

## Staking workflow

<table data-header-hidden><thead><tr><th width="300">Parameter</th><th>Value</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>What is the staking process?</strong></td><td>When staking through Kiln dashboard, your ETH is deposited into the <a href="https://etherscan.io/address/0x00000000219ab540356cbb839cbe05303d7705fa">ETH2 deposit contract</a>, and associated with a validation key that Kiln generates for you. This validation key is then used to instantiate a validator deployed on Kiln infrastructure. The validator performs on-chain duties on the Ethereum Beacon Chain, namely attestations and block proposals. For this activity rewards are earned and accrue to your withdrawal wallet.</td></tr><tr><td><strong>Do funds move out to another wallet?</strong></td><td>Yes, they are sent to the official <a href="https://etherscan.io/address/0x00000000219ab540356cbb839cbe05303d7705fa">ETH2 deposit contract</a>.</td></tr><tr><td><strong>Can I keep staking/unstaking from/to the same wallet?</strong> </td><td>Yes, you can stake / unstake multiple validators from the same wallet.</td></tr><tr><td><strong>Can I select how much of my wallet balance I want to stake?</strong></td><td>Yes, you can select a multiple of 32 ETH that you want to stake to earn rewards.</td></tr><tr><td><strong>Can I unstake part of the staked balance?</strong></td><td>Yes, you can select the number of validators (multiple of 32 ETH) you want to unstake.</td></tr><tr><td><strong>Who can withdraw the staked ETH?</strong></td><td>Only the wallet you use to issue your deposit can be used to withdraw your stake, and accrued rewards. Kiln or any other party cannot do that. This means you must ensure you retain control of the wallet you use to deposit your stake.</td></tr><tr><td><strong>When can I withdraw my staked ETH?</strong></td><td>You can withdraw your staked ETH anytime you want. Be aware that the duration of this action varies according to the network's exit queue.</td></tr><tr><td><strong>When can I withdraw my rewards  on staked ETH?</strong></td><td>Both consensus and execution rewards are automatically distributed to your withdrawal wallet.</td></tr><tr><td><strong>What are the risks associated with staking?</strong></td><td>When you stake with this service, Kiln will operate validator(s) on your behalf. If these validators are incorrectly operated, it is possible for a portion of the funds you have staked to be <em>slashed</em>, meaning they are destroyed by the protocol.<br><br>This is very rare in general and has never happened in Kiln’s history of operating Ethereum validators, our infrastructure is purpose-built to reduce this risk. You should however be aware that the risk is not 0.<br><br>For more details and Kiln’s coverage please read our T&#x26;Cs or the Order Form you have signed with Kiln.</td></tr><tr><td><strong>What validator clients does Kiln run?</strong></td><td>Kiln runs a combination of Prysm, Teku and Lighthouse validator clients.</td></tr></tbody></table>

## Staking links

<table data-header-hidden><thead><tr><th width="304">Parameter</th><th>Value</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>How can I get testnet tokens?</strong></td><td>You can contact us to get some testnet ETH.</td></tr></tbody></table>

## Volume

<table><thead><tr><th width="115.14691943127963">Network</th><th>Volume</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>Mainnet</strong></td><td><ul><li><p>9911+ validator keys using Prysm</p><ul><li>317,152+ ETH</li></ul></li><li><p>1710+ validator keys using Teku</p><ul><li>54,720+ ETH  </li></ul></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td>Goerli</td><td><ul><li>300 validator keys using Prysm</li><li>3000 validator keys using Teku</li></ul></td></tr><tr><td>Sepolia</td><td><ul><li>50 validator keys using Prysm</li><li>50 validator keys using Teku</li></ul></td></tr></tbody></table>

## Historical mainnet performance

We have been live with Lido keys since May 2021.

* Average all-time uptime per key: 99.8%
* 30d uptime: 99.9%
* Slashing incidents: 0

Despite having a higher record track than expected (we provide a 99% uptime guarantee SLA), we treat this extra-performance as a budget for unforeseen upgrades, to get more flexibility/safety margin in our operational processes if we want to split validators in multiple zones for instance.

<figure><img src="/files/ScJuWYRaryxxnv8ZmlHQ" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

<figure><img src="/files/ZRXM1Vz8s6vipiXoJunr" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

Links

* [Rated Network Kiln performance](https://www.rated.network/o/SkillZ)

Samples

* [Sample 1](https://beaconcha.in/validator/acbdd3789b37c411ea091295bf6252def15427638a1c6eb65ea724d95c51f21d274534184dbbc58816f3d1e5200bdd69)
* [Sample 2](https://beaconcha.in/validator/ad82b9268bff1616788287c3997fd628eadcfa3b7bde07e712752a59b2f15da9adddcd9bc3fef33d2a837cb8d64eb4b6)
* [Sample 3](https://beaconcha.in/validator/ae095efe55da0f094cbf36b55ec7217a13e1345e3296dbfec4ff232b96ec727c4b0db8662f6815cf020485c351096606)
* [Sample 4](https://beaconcha.in/validator/aeca195eaa4f8f122affc413d881525448a47ab89b390cd536b9e38df2ee75b979cba9ec154cf109879543192f54ba6a)
* [Sample 5](https://beaconcha.in/validator/af36b297496a211d7450866a605c6eafdd9024dc77071b1b24621a82225209730cecc23cbaac1262225054ed12ce22c0)
* [Sample 6](https://beaconcha.in/validator/af63225e93883871c0e738b0a39a35e78d742e1ee9133dc1444556f373c8b876c6b81752f0910bbcf6a47f8075cda9bf)
* [Sample 7](https://beaconcha.in/validator/afde30ac93ed91a499cf45cb2c165f8a61e56cf3a9846d426ddb288889d8f33fff3ef6f606c44a522c13b0419b9296f0)
* [Sample 8](https://beaconcha.in/validator/b07ee2b6571dd1a57c32ea57bbb7147477a318dac3b31b4b74947b9b33fc4ec768f2c6ebae876734baa037251c13de7f)


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